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Banished from the Paradise


added to his childhood in paradise Olivier Bancoult a particularly intense memories. "I still hear the sound of Kolraba, our traditional drum that my father gave me when I was little." The instrument is still found in the hut on Peros Banhos Bancoult, one of the 65 Chagos islands, which lie between the Maldives and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. "My parents at that time, 1968, hastily broken up, because my sister urgently to hospital for treatment in Mauritius had, "says Bancoult today in Port Louis, the Mauritian capital. Olivier was there for only four years old." They have left everything behind, they thought so, we come back. "But neither Oliver nor his parents and siblings, their homes have seen again since then.

who lived on the Chagos Islands, has the recalls carefree days. waves beat into the gently curving bay of bright white sand, sparkling in the distance coral reefs. fish were in abundance, and on land donated coconut trees shade and fruit, which the inhabitants had to pick up only from the ground. But this paradise is lost. Its inhabitants were from the Chagos Islands distributed. This relates to a different island kingdom in the north-western Europe - the United Kingdom.

Olivier Bancoult fate that a few thousand other Chagossians have suffered similarly, is the story of a first denied and then repressed expulsion of an entire people. She begins to British colonial times in the early sixties, when the Chagos Islands have belonged to Mauritius. Who at that time on one of the more than sixty islands lived and had to go to the doctor or wanted to buy tools, sailed to Mauritius, for on the remote archipelago there were no such offers. The Chagossians were left for a few weeks in Mauritius, then drove back home.

But in the spring of 1968, Mauritius had become newly independent, suddenly everything was different. "When my parents wanted to book for the treatment of my sister's boat trip back, they told the purser that was impossible," says Bancoult. "Your islands have been sold, he said," to the U.S., the building as a military base. "

This military area of Diego Garcia, the largest Chagos island with a globally unique natural harbor, is one of the largest U.S. military bases world. From the strategically located island flew air strikes against Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan. Lindsey Collen, Mauritius on a living writer and feminist, has studied extensively the history of the military base. Documents for decades in dusty archives and personal interviews demonstrated how the United States and Britain forged in the early sixties, a plan that could come from a spy novel tells Collen. "The U.S. really wanted to have an uninhabited island in the Indian Ocean in order to be able to control from there to the Middle East, and oil routes."

The Americans were preparing their plans during the Cold War. Advance team of U.S. Army looked at several British colonial islands and decided to Diego Garcia was the best. "Since the British have said: No problem, we found just the new colony, we Mauritius not enter into the independence, "says the writer, the Mauritian government in waiting, the British put an ultimatum. Either come quickly independence without the Chagos Islands - or There is no independence. "This was not only illegal, but was clearly contrary to the UN Charter," says Lindsey Collen angry today. translated Ultimately, the British by.

1965 flew over the Chagos Islands for the first time the flag the "British Indian Ocean Territory." She still does. The island of Diego Garcia was leased shortly thereafter as agreed with the U.S., for an initial fifty years. In a letter to the Government of the United Kingdom in London called for the U.S. Army leadership, the island was to "vacate and clean up afterwards." Without further ado, cutting the British supply all trips to the Chagos islands. How many Olivier Bancoult family stranded in Mauritius unintentionally, others fled. "The stubborn heads that were still there in the end, they put a beacon," says Collen. "Dogs that were practically on Diego Garcia to the family, were rounded up and gassed before the eyes of the population." From now on, was the fear among the remaining Chagossians: If we stay, the same thing could happen to us. Meanwhile, British diplomats at the headquarters of the insured United Nations in New York, the islands are uninhabited. A lie that London maintained for decades.

experienced fact, the people of Chagos an expulsion: they took on board ships, and there the inhabitants of the paradise island they lived for weeks in the hold, where they had to sleep on a cargo of bird excrement, a fertilizer. Many died on the journey, in particular children. In Mauritius the survivors was not much better, recalls Olivier Bancoult: "I'm like most grown up in absolute poverty, it is a miracle that I got an education." Most of these people lived and still live in the poorest neighborhoods of Port Louis. The few Houses that the Mauritian government offered the islanders disoriented, had been destroyed in riots recently extensively and served as goat pens. There was no water, no electricity, no toilets. What remained were the newcomers, tiny apartments in the houses. Bancoult The 14-member family had only one bedroom. After a sophisticated shift schedule, they organized the sleeping times, because not available for all at the same place was.

"We came from an island where we all lived in peace and no one needy person," recalls Bancoult of his childhood. "In Mauritius there was no money, no houses and no jobs for us, no chance of a better to lead life. Instead, there was at one time drugs, alcohol and prostitution. "

In the first years after their arrival and the shock killed most Chagossians. Bancoult father suffered the same day in port a stroke, was where he will disclose the purser, he could not return home. For two years he dawned with a paralyzed upper body in front of him before he died. Two of Olivier Bancoult brothers drank themselves to death, and a third died of heart failure. Bancoult sister committed suicide, as well as other displaced persons. "They all died from the grief of having lost their homes. "

has one of the few Chagossians who can read and write; Bancoult to return to the Chagos islands made it his life's work. He has promised his mother Rita fighting in the early seventies, the first protest outside the British Embassy in Port Louis organized. "It was about our recognition," says Bancoult, still indignant. "The British claimed so, we would not know we were guest workers, even though my family lived in its fourth generation of Peros Banhos." When the pictures reached the violently suppressed protests in London, the British government gradually changed its policy. As inhabitants of an island group that reports directly to the British crown, the Chagossians finally got British passports. And thus also have access to British jurisdiction.

In 2000, Bancoult won his first victory against Britain's High Court, the Supreme Court. In dramatic terms, the judges, the applicants confirmed that the expulsion of the island population was illegal. But the Labour government under Tony Blair used the ancient law of the royal edict to ban the return yet. Parliament has been turned off in this way - a method that an appeals court in 2007 sentenced to as "abuse of power". It again demanded the return of the Chagossians. But the House of Lords, the last instance, disagreed with, ostensibly for financial reasons.

Despite these setbacks, Bancoult is not. "We have already submitted to the European Court of Human Rights," he says, and he sounds like he fought his mother. "And we are preparing a case before the International Criminal Court in The Hague, because what the British government has done to us, a crime against humanity."

Olivier Bancoult waiting for the day when he can show his children his home. "Even if they were born in Mauritius, its roots lie on Peros Banhos." The Universal Declaration of Human Rights says Bancoult, represented the universal right of everyone to return to his homeland. He wants no more but also no less.

(Copyright with the daily newspaper, 29/01/2009)

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former allies constitute Nkunda


for years was regarded as a Laurent Nkunda, Rwandan men in eastern Congo. Money and weapons to be flown from the neighboring state of Nkunda. When the rebels of General in October, marching on the Congolese city of Goma, Rwanda's tanks helped him with shots from beyond the border. A UN report cited a few weeks ago even evidence that Nkunda has denied its military operations directly to the Rwandan President. Nevertheless, Nkunda has now been arrested - and from those who had previously supported him.

"Nkunda was the day before ten-thirty in the evening clock by Rwandan troops in Bunagana arrested, that is the border town of Congo to Rwanda, "the spokesman for the UN mission in Congo, Jean-Paul Dietrich confirmed on Friday. The joint force of Congolese and Rwandan soldiers, who goes on for days in eastern Congo against rebels had Nkunda called on to surrender Nkunda fled to Rwanda -.. and was set just across the border on Rwandan soil

the one closest to Nkunda's confidant, Jean-Desiré Muiti, it could come on Friday or not, "Nkunda is for consultations. been called to Kigali, "said Muiti. This is a misconception to suggest that Nkunda was a victim of deception, if possible.

Congo Information Minister Lambert Mende celebrated the arrest of the rebels as the beginning of peace in eastern Congo, which is shaken for more than ten years of civil war. He demanded the extradition Nkunda. "There is a Congolese arrest warrant, he is Congolese, and he committed his crimes in the Congo - his case must be heard in the Congo." Mende urged Nkunda's rebels to join the government army. "With the arrest of Nkunda's rebellion is practically over," says Mendoza.

UN spokesman Dietrich is more cautious. When Nkunda you have at least known what it was. "Now we have to see who is coming to Nkunda and hope that the promised resignation takes place the weapons really." Dietrich's skepticism Bosco Ntaganda is, considered as a strong man of the rebel group. Member has not promised to end the fight, but because of the use of child soldiers, he is wanted by the International Criminal Court, he has much to lose.

The arrest Nkunda is the first success of the joint Rwandan-Congolese offensive, according to the UN are more than 3 500 Rwandan soldiers involved. So far the leadership of both countries had talked about pursuing Hutu militants who are blamed for the genocide in Rwanda. Instead, Tutsi General Nkunda was arrested, the spread in the names of the victims of genocide fear and terror. His troops during the invasion six years ago, looked around Bukavu UN blue helmets, while Nkunda's troops raped and pillaged. "Nkunda's troops have serious human rights violations to answer for," said Anneke van Woudenberg of Human Rights Watch. "He must be a process that meets international standards."

(Copyright Berliner Zeitung, 24.01.2009)

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Family Festival


For four days, in Kogelo, the hometown of Barack Obama's father deep in western Kenya, already celebrated. Loads of flows has been renamed the warm beer that Kenya's largest brewer of the occasion of "Senator" in "President". In Kogelo course that does not matter: Here you order at the counter for months with the saying "An Obama, please."

dozens of camera crews from around the world have come to follow the party in Kogelo. "Kenya is a very corrupt country, a country with no future, with much suffering and hunger", as shall respond Gregory, who lives in Kogelo, and his voice squeaks out of sheer exuberance. "If Obama is sworn in as U.S. president, will change;. He is from here, he will help us" Obama will change all of Kenya, believes the young people, and finally bring development and prosperity of the country.

With such expectations Gregory is not alone. "His blood is from here, from this country," says living in the capital Nairobi Julia Karimi. "We do not expect that he will be president of Kenya, but he should do something to make our lives better. "

If there were not already a Swahili word for hope," Obama 'best chance would have it. emblazoned everywhere in Kenya, the smiling face of the shining light from overseas. In T-shirts and buses, on house walls and the colorful Kangas, the traditional cloth worn especially on the coast "Congratulations Barack Obama," as including "You are the will of God."
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After the bloody riots last year, of which Kenya has not recovered, the Ehrenkenianer one of the last hope, finds the young Masai woman Shirleen Ilante. She hopes that Kenya of Obama learns example: "Our politicians have to give up their selfishness, we need selfless leaders like Obama," she says. Above all, Kenya must learn that now is the young generation's turn. "Obama's message to the whole of Africa and Kenya is in particular: the old guard to stop and finally we give young people a chance."

that take the way are the charges of corruption and abuse of Kenyan politicians believe an example, of course, not everyone. A student at Nairobi University who just wants Anthony to be called, is skeptical. "I feel Obama's inauguration, to be honest not really care," he railed. "It may well be that he is of African origin and I, too, but his country is not my country. "Kenya is believed Anthony, should tackle their problems themselves, rather than to hope for a president in faraway Washington.

Anthony's criticism is aimed directly to a delegation led by Kenya's Foreign Minister Moses Wetangula, that came yesterday in Washington - uninvited on Wetangulas request was the U.S. embassy to know cool that other states are at the swearing traditionally been represented only by their ambassadors holding the ministerial roster not stop them, but to fly to Washington.. . A scandal, finds the former deputy minister and civil rights, Kalembe Ndile. "This is an incredible waste of taxpayer money that the Minister, the swearing can ultimately only view on the hotel room "in his rage turned Ndile the foreign minister last week, a TV in front of his door - as a gift." Let him look at the spectacle here, it's cheaper for us all, "
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as invited guests of honor in Washington only a few Kenyan nationals Obama there -.. especially Obama's grandmother Sarah "This is the day that I've been waiting for months," the 87-year-old said shortly before her departure in Nairobi, "I can to know that I very much am very happy. "It is the second time that Sarah Obama travels to her grandchildren in the United States. At his swearing in as Senator from Illinois to the Obama She had also been invited, they can still remember well: "Far too cold it was!". As a gift grandmother Obama has the trappings of power in the luggage as we know it in western Kenya: a three-legged stool, a sign and a fan of goat hair to scare away flies. "I also wanted to bring him a spear, but I was told that I am not from the security must take into the plane."

For the majority of Kenyans can only dream of Washington, the swearing is simply a day of rejoicing. "This is like Christmas and New Year's Eve together, the party of the century," says the 31-year-old gardener Milton, who, like Obama's Kenyan father to Luo ethnic group and is usually working in the embassy district. Although Kenya's government this time, unlike the day after Obama's election, declared no holiday, but has for the ceremony, Milton took a couple of his few holidays. The high cost of travel from Nairobi to Kisumo he liked wearing: "This is it worth it." Because nowhere is Obama on Tuesday celebrated as much as in western Kenya, in the "Luoland.

In Kisumu are in the biggest stadium in the city, several large screens will be set up, can track up to 100 to 000 guests, the ceremony without jostling. In Kakamega, the second largest city in the region, more than 50 000 visitors to the transfer expected, which is accompanied by a live concert. Booms from the speakers there again and again the anthem, the Kenyan musician Onyi wrote Papa Jey: "Obama, the son of our people," he sings, and the bass rumbles to deep. "Friend who is committed to his roots in Kenya."

In addition, the dusty provincial town, traveled for the party, the South African singer Yvonne Chaka Chaka Star. But the real star of the evening, as the visitors are in agreement, is also visible in Kakamega only on the screen. While Obama speaks to silence the musicians and listen attentively to the words from the distant America.

(Copyright Berliner Zeitung, 01.21.2009)

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Ethiopia leave Somalia in a field of ruins


Two years after its invasion of Somalia, Ethiopia army claims to have begun their retreat. "It is a process that will take some time," said Bereket Simon, advisor to Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. Contrast that with the departure of the most important military power in the Somali capital Mogadishu, a power vacuum is created, we've taken. "We have taken the necessary steps to prevent a relapse into the anarchy of earlier times," said Bereket.

of a possible "return" can be no question. A debris field left by the Ethiopian army, had previously held the powerless Somali transitional government under the now-retired President Abdullahi Yusuf in power. Before setting up Yusuf's Ethiopian invasion in late 2006 it had been in Mogadishu for the first time in fifteen years, a kind of stability. The ruling Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) had broken down in just six months in power, the illegally built road blocks and "tolls" and ousted the warlords and their private armies. Even the then still small piracy off Somalia's coast, pronounced prepared the Islamists, led by a relatively moderate force Sheikh Sharif Ahmed to an end. At the same time they banned in the demonstration football transfers and other TV shows, and thieves were publicly stoned to death. But many residents of Somalia, traditionally linked with a tolerant Islam, Islamism took the alien the benefit of the return of a peaceful everyday life into account.

was after the Ethiopian invasion and the overthrow of the UIC is so over: the Islamic courts were split, the extremists gained weight. Their troops, Al-Shabab militia deliver since then from the underground to fight with the Ethiopian troops and everyone they see as allied with Ethiopia. 10,000 civilian victims, the UN estimates, have called for these battles.

Instead of the Ethiopians Somalia wants headless transitional government now seems clamp the former adversaries. From the ground, fighters from Sharif moderate UIC group would have on the weekend, several police stations abandoned by the Ethiopians occupied. "We want to prevent an outbreak of new violence," said a militia leader of local radio stations. Sharif had last year agreed to a peace agreement with the transitional government. The number of deputies in the largely powerless transitional parliament was doubled overnight, to make way for Sharif faction. Now it seems to pay off the deal: If Sharif troops can slow down their former Islamist comrades, Sharif is likely the succession of President Abdullahi Yusuf to be sure.

circulating in Mogadishu already rumors that Sharif will meet in Cairo with Shabab-Eminence Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys. Reconciliation with Aweys, who is wanted by the United States as a terrorist, is operated by several Arab nations. Even Prime Minister Hassan Hussein Nur Adde is an advocate of a negotiated settlement with the radical Islamists.

Under pressure, the Shabab, which controls much of Somalia has, in recent weeks by a new militia called Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa'ah, which has already conquered several of the Islamists occupied territories. "We will fight Al-Shabab, until past are, "announced one of their leaders, Sheikh Abu Yusuf Abdullahi, on Sunday. Whether behind the new movement of moderate Islamists and warlords ousted, is currently unclear. Perhaps the troops of Ethiopia also supported. The fact that Ethiopia, Somalia, of whatever kind Islamist government can believe in Somalia no surprise. Thus, not even reports that marched several hundred of the Ethiopian army at the weekend in southwestern Somalia, where the Shabab their strongholds added. The alleged Ethiopian withdrawal could be as early as the coming days surprise offensive .
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(Copyright with the daily newspaper, 05/01/2009)